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Nature & voyage

Mayotte aura son parc naturel marin

par green, Jeudi 28 janvier 2010
Mayotte aura son parc naturel marin
Haut lieu de la biodiversité marine, Mayotte pourra bientôt se prévaloir d'un parc naturel marin qui vise précisément à la préserver

C’était dans l’air depuis de très longs mois, et Nicolas Sarkozy a finalement accédé au voeu de la majorité des habitants de Mayotte.

En visite dans « l’île aux parfums » en mars 2009, le ministre de l’Outre-Mer Yves Jégo avait alors annoncé la création d’un comité de pilotage d’étude d’un parc naturel marin. Celui-ci verra bel et bien le jour : le chef de l’Etat a en effet signé son décret de création le 18 janvier dernier, soit un peu plus de deux ans après l’arrêté qui avait entériné l’instauration de la mission d’étude.

Passée relativement inaperçue, cette décision n’en constitue pas moins une petite révolution pour cette contrée exotique de 374 km2 peu habituée à faire la une de l’actualité. Le quotidien des Mahorais (ou Mayottais) est pourtant loin d’être aussi paradisiaque que les Métropolitains pourraient le supposer, dans la mesure où Mayotte ne possède aucune industrie métallurgique à même de recycler les déchets (NDLR : D’après le site Internet Terra-economica, « pendant longtemps, les déchets étaient même jetés sur les plages ou directement dans la mer, et les carcasses de voitures finissaient dans la nature »).

Outre l’objet de sa création, à savoir la préservation du lagon – qui s’étend sur 1556 km2, est le deuxième plus grand du monde et constitue, aux dires du locataire de l’Elysée, « la richesse des Mahorais » – et des richesses naturelles de l’île, ce parc naturel marin pourrait aussi avoir un impact touristique non négligeable et donc, à terme, redynamiser une économie exsangue.

Comme l’a rappelé la secrétaire d’État à l’Écologie, Chantal Jouanno, il s’agira en tout cas du « deuxième parc naturel marin après la mer d’Iroise (NDLR : une aire maritime protégée qui a été inaugurée en octobre 2007) » et de « l’un des dix prévus par le Grenelle de l’environnement ».

D’une superficie de 70 000 km2, il devrait également « permettre de mobiliser les fonds et l’énergie nécessaires pour traiter (les problèmes de pollution) ainsi que ceux de la surpêche industrielle à proximité de l’archipel ».

À compter du dernier quart du XXe siècle, la déforestation, l’urbanisation, un tourisme et une agriculture « sauvages » ont largement détérioré les récifs. La première mission faisant état de leur dégradation remonte à… 1983. Autant dire qu’il était temps qu’un gouvernement s’engage à préserver une île qui regroupe tout de même 25 % de la biodiversité marine mondiale.

Crédit photo : wikimedia – Christophe Laborderie
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